The warming of dry surfaces to human-skin temperature affects the survival of human pathogenic bacteria [<i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i>, and <i>bla</i>_NDM-5 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (NDM-5)] as well as <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> DH5α.

The experiment was performed in a thermo-hygrostat incubator. Temperature (T) (15°C and 37°C) and humidity (M) (55% and 90%) were adjusted by the controller installed in the incubator. See the Materials and Methods. A. Survival rate of the bacteria under the most effective conditions (T 37°C/ M 90%). “Survival rate” shows the ratio of CFUs at “18 h” / “0 h” after drying. Experiments were performed at least three times. Bars show the average ± SD. *, pB. Survival rate of the bacteria under the least effective conditions (T 15°C/M 55%). See above. C. Survival rates (%) of the bacteria between the most effective [T 37°C/M 90% (A)] and the least effective [T 15°C/M 55% (B)] conditions.