Topology of nonlinearly charged black hole chemistry via massive gravity

The classification of critical points of charged topological black holes (TBHs) in anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS) under the Power Maxwell Invariant (PMI)-massive gravity is accomplished within the framework of black hole chemistry (BHC). Considering the grand canonical ensemble (GCE), we show that $$d=4$$ black hole have only one topological class, whereas $$d\ge 5$$ black holes belong to two different topology classes. Furthermore, the conventional critical point characterized by negative topological charge coincides with the maximum extreme point of temperature; and the novel critical point featuring opposite topological charge corresponds to the minimum extreme point of temperature. With increasing pressure, new phases emerge at the novel critical point while disappear from the conventional one. Moreover, a atypical van der Waals (vdW) behavior is found in $$d\ge 6$$ dimensions, and the anomaly disappears at the traditional critical point. In the limit of nonlinearity parameter $$s\rightarrow 1$$, different topology classes are only obtained in the GCE and they may not exist within the canonical ensemble. With the absence of electric potential $$\Phi $$, the neutral TBHs share the same topological classification results as the charged TBHs in the GCE of Maxwell-massive gravity