Study of vertical solar irradiance and local scale climate to assess passive cooling potential in Tangerang of Indonesia

Solar radiation information is very important in green building design, namely for the daylighting, solar heat gain prevention as well for solar energy utilization. This study uses solar radiation data from six pyranometer sensors for measuring the horizontal component (global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and infrared irradiance) and the vertical component (pyranometer sensors to the north, south, east, and west) located in Tangerang, Indonesia. Measurements have been filtered for one year from January 2021 to December 2021. The solar radiation observation is complemented with other measurement of climate elements, such as wind speed and direction, dew point temperature, relative humidity, and air temperature. The diurnal and seasonal patterns of solar irradiance and other climatic elements have been observed using the visualization technique of heat maps. The results show that sensors pointing north experience an increase in solar intensity in May, June, July, and August. Meanwhile, sensors that point to the south experience the increases in solar intensity in November, December, January, and February. The increase in radiation intensity towards the east occurs from 07.00 to 10.00 local time (LT), while the increase in sensor intensity towards the west occurs from 14.00 to 16.00 LT. The results of solar radiation analysis in horizontal and vertical surfaces are combined with other climate elements to create a bio-climatic design guideline suitable for buildings in the hot and humid climate