The Ligurian Basin, at the junction between the Western Mediterranean and the Alpine chain, opened in back-arc extension between the Oligocene and the Miocene, driven by the rollback of the African slab under Eurasia. This episode created complex structures in an already heterogeneous lithosphere. The basin and its northern margin are currently undergoing compression, as evidenced by a weak convergence measured by GPS and seismicity analysis. Morpho-structural evidence indicates that this trend has been underway since the Pliocene.The aim of this thesis was to explore the deep structure of the Ligurian Basin and its northern margin in order to clarify the modalities of its formation. The work was based on the exploitation of data from the S...