National audienceOne of the most famous images of the 20th century is that of the men’s 200-meter podium at the Mexico Olympics (1968). Tommie Smith and John Carlos raised their fists to protest against the condition of Blacks in the United States. This article aims to evoke the militant origins of this gesture, the result of a dissenting politicization process that began on the university campus of San Jose State College, in the context of student unrest across the country and the success of the Black Power movement. The “revolt of the Black athlete” soon transferred from the university scene to the Olympic scene, which increased the stakes in the struggle. Smith and Carlos’s gesture turned out to be the unexpected outcome of a mobilizatio...