Some aspects of housing in Slovenia

Z vidika zagotavljanja ponudbe stanovanj je stanovanjska politika neločljivo povezana z gradbeništvom, ki je pomembna gospodarska panoga. V Sloveniji je svoj največji razcvet gradbeništvo doseglo leta 2008, gospodarska kriza pa je gradbeništvo prizadela bolj, kot v povprečju ostalo gospodarstvo. Gradnja, vzdrževanje stanovanj in bivanje v njih prinašajo tudi številne negativne vplive na okolje. V skladu s EU smernicami, je Slovenija v Nacionalnem akcijskem načrtu za energetsko učinkovitost za obdobje 2008 - 2016, kot svoje cilje opredelila predvsem spodbujanje izboljšanja energijske učinkovitosti stavb ter spodbujanje tehnološkega razvoja na področju materialov, stavbnega pohištva, energetskih tehnologij idr. Za Slovenijo je značilen visok delež lastniško zasedenih stanovanj, kar ima več negativnih posledic. Visok delež lastniških stanovanj je tako eden od pomembnih razlogov za nizko mobilnost ljudi, kar ima negativne posledice tudi na trg delovne sile. Ukrepi stanovanjske politike v Sloveniji, ki so že od ustanovitve Stanovanjskega sklada RS deležni veliko kritike, so v preteklosti vodili zlasti v podporo povpraševanju po stanovanjih in s tem posledično do cenovne precenjenosti stanovanjskih enot. Stanovanjska politika bi se zato morala osredotočiti na uravnovešenje ponudbe in povpraševanja po stanovanjih, ob hkratni usmerjenosti v trajnostno in energetsko učinkovito gradnjo. Kot eno izmed možnosti predlagamo usklajeno delovanje občin z urejanjem komunalno opremljenih parcel ob pomoči sredstev iz evropskih strukturnih skladov ter skladov, ki bodo spodbujali trajnostno usmerjeno gradnjo.The supply side of the housing policy in society is inherently associated with construction. In Slovenia, construction peaked in 2008, but the economic crisis affected construction more than other industries. Construction works, including maintaining and living in buildings, contribute significantly to environmental pressures. In accordance to EU directives, Sloveniaʼs national plan of energy performance for 2008-2016 includes two main objectives: encouraging improvements of the energy performance of buildings and technological development regarding materials, technologies regarding energy, etc. In Slovenia, the important characteristic regarding tenure types is that the ownership rate is very high. This may have several negative impacts on mobility, which is lower among owner-occupants, as well as implications for the functioning of the labour market. The process of housing acquisition may include many difficulties caused by problems at the supply or the demand side.The housing policy on the supply side should be focused on ensuring relevant housing conditions, while on the demand side it should be based on a treatment of those households entitled to help in this process. Housing-related policies must achieve their objectives in an efficient and equitable way. The deepening economic crisis in Slovenia makes this task very complex. The housing market policy in Slovenia has been criticised since the establishment of the Housing Fund of the Republic of Slovenia as its actions primarily targeted the strengthening of the demand side, thereby affecting the high prices of housing in Slovenia in the past. The equilibrium of the demand and supply side of housing with sustainable and energy-efficient construction and building should be the goal of an efficient housing policy. As a possible solution, we suggest cooperation among municipalities, European structural funds, and national funds, all together aimed at sustainable and energy-efficient housing solutions