Desain dan Simulasi Pendinginan Baterai Lithium-ion Menggunakan Phase Change Material (PCM) dan Logam pada Kendaraan Darat Tak Berawak

Kendaraan listrik tengah menjadi primadona baru bagi masyarakat karena tidak perlu menggunakan energi fosil dan sangat ramah lingkungan. Namun, terdapat tantangan dalam penggunaan kendaraan listrik yaitu mempertahankan temperatur baterai beroperasi pada temperatur yang diijinkan. Masa umur baterai sangat bergantung pada temperatur operasinya. Temperatur baterai yang terlalu tinggi dapat memperpendek umur baterai. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan solusi baru pendinginan baterai kendaraan listrik dengan menambahkan phase change material (PCM) paraffin-wax dan logam di dalamnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Ansys Workbench 19.2 dan dengan solver Ansys Fluent untuk mendapatkan temperatur baterai. Panas yang dihasilkan baterai akan diserap oleh PCM dalan bentuk kalor laten. Simulasi dilakukan dengan beberapa penambahan variasi. Variasi menggunakan PCM dengan plat logam, wiremesh logam, serbuk logam, dan serbuk graphite. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dalam bentuk tingkat efektivitas pendinginan beberapa variasi dibandingkan dengan pendinginan tanpa menggunakan PCM. Modifikasi penambahan PCM memberikan keuntungan dalam proses pendinginan baterai lithium-ion. Setelah diberikan PCM pada paket baterai, terjadi penurunan temperatur maksimal dari baterai dari yang semula sebesar 65,136°C menjadi 53,402°C dengan flow time 630 sekon. Penambahan plat, wiremesh, serbuk logam, dan serbuk graphite pada PCM menambah tingkat efektivitas dalam pendinginan baterai. Penurunan temperatur maksimal baterai dengan penambahan material tembaga berupa plat, wiremesh, serbuk logam, dan serbuk graphite masing-masing adalah sebesar 20,534%; 18,715%; 45,485%; dan 25,276%. Namun, pendinginan baterai dengan menambahkan wiremesh logam dan serbuk logam menunjukkan keseragaman temperatur baterai yang buruk. Kata kunci: Emisi karbon, pendinginan baterai, Phase Change Material (PCM), temperatur. ============================================================================================================================== Electric vehicles are becoming the new prima donna for society because they don't need to use fossil energy and are very environmentally friendly. However, there are challenges in the use of electric vehicles, namely maintaining the temperature of the battery operating at the allowable temperature. Battery life is highly dependent on its operating temperature. Battery temperatures that are too high can shorten battery life. This research was conducted to obtain a new solution for cooling electric vehicle batteries by adding paraffin-wax phase change material (PCM) and metal in it. This research was conducted using the Ansys Workbench 19.2 program and the Ansys Fluent solver to obtain battery temperature. The heat generated by the battery will be absorbed by the PCM in the form of latent heat. The simulation was carried out with several additional variations. Variations using PCM with metal plates, metal wiremesh, metal powder, and graphite powder. The results of this study are in the form of cooling effectiveness levels of several variations compared to cooling without using PCM. Modification of the addition of PCM provides an advantage in the process of cooling lithium-ion batteries. After being given PCM to the battery pack, there was a decrease in the maximum temperature of the battery from the initial 65.136°C to 53.402°C with a flow time of 630 seconds. The addition of plates, wiremesh, metal powder, and graphite powder in PCM increases the level of effectiveness in battery cooling. The maximum temperature reduction of the battery with the addition of copper material in the form of plates, wiremesh, metal powders and graphite powders were respectively 20.534%; 18.715%; 45.485%; and 25.276%. However, cooling the battery by adding metal wiremesh and metal powder showed poor battery temperature uniformity. Keywords: Carbon emissions, battery cooling, Phase Change Material (PCM), temperature