New vista in Parkinson's disease treatment: Magic of nanotechnology

Department of Bitechnology, Haldia Insitute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Haldia-721 657, Purba Midnapore, West Bengal, India E-mail: suvroma.gupta@gmail.com Manuscript received 17 July 2018, accepted 28 August 2018 Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the progressive neurological diseases that are associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta of brain. Administration of drugs such as levodopa or dopamine agonists helps to increase dopamine concentration but is impeded by the endothelial layer of blood-brain barrier resulting ineffective treatment. Nanotechnology approaches have created new vistas in order to solve this burning issue. 85 nm PEGylated immunoliposome encapsulated tyrosine hydroxylase expression plasmid effectively crosses blood brain barrier and restores motor behaviour in rat model. Non-viral gene therapy comprising of Lactoferrin modified nanoparticle vectors of size 196±10 nm have gener­ated neuro protective effects. Additionally another agent known as poly-hydroxylated fullerene derivative C60(OH)24 induces positive effect in MPP+ induced PD model with its free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant potential. Equally reveal­ing is the information about smart material namely cerium oxide nanoparticle or nanoceria as a ROS scavenger to decrease oxidative stress. In this review, attempt has been made to evaluate the role of nanotechnology for the remediation of PD