CARBON SEQUESTRATION

Carbon sequestration is vital for mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. The Earth's climate is rapidly changing due to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, necessitating urgent action to offset GHG releases. Soil carbon sequestration is a promising approach, with degraded and agricultural soils having significant potential to reduce CO2 levels. Soils globally can retain twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and vegetation combined, influenced by climate and edaphic factors. Agricultural practices, such as land-use changes and residue management, impact soil carbon stocks and quality, enhancing food security and sustainable agriculture. Developing carbon sequestration technologies is crucial, including abiotic techniques like CO2 injection into oceans, geological strata, mineral carbonation, and biotic techniques that provide cost-effective and immediate solutions. Both options are complementary and can mitigate climate change risks. Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion, have raised atmospheric CO2 concentrations, causing global warming and adverse impacts. Effective strategies are needed to reduce emissions and remove CO2 from the atmosphere. This chapter comprehensively explores carbon sequestration, encompassing its definition, mechanisms, advantages, and limitations, emphasizing its significance in combating climate change and providing a comprehensive understanding of its potential