D4.4.1 Report on the interactions, synergies and gaps among the WFD, MSFD and H&BD for an effective management of the marine ecosystems

The deliverable aims at analysing and reporting the interactions and synergies among the Habitats and Birds directives (HD and BD; EEC 1992 and EC 2009, respectively), the Water and the Marine Strategy Framework directives (WFD and MSFD; EC 2000 and EC 2008, respectively) for an effective management of the marine ecosystems. In addition, it aims at contributing to the building up of a coherent ecosystem-based indicator system for threatened species and habitats, which recognises, from one side, interactions among species, communities, habitats and ecological processes and, from the other, the integration of the ecological observatories carried out on specific sites with those in the wider offshore area.ECOSS project (Observing System in the Adriatic Sea: oceanographic observations for biodiversity) is an EU 2014–2020 Interreg V-A Italy-Croatia CBC programme ID number 1004230