Ideal Systems, Ideal Technology and their Realization Opportunities Using Information Communication & Computation Technology (ICCT) and Nanotechnology (NT)

Technology management is an area of predicting, identifying, managing, and utilising existing and new technologies for the benefit of people, organizations, and society. Technology management supports the use of technology for solving problems in society through innovations and to create a competitive advantage for the stakeholders. Systems and Technology are two interconnected issues in scientific society. The developments and progress in society depend on the improvements in the performance of every system and innovations in technology. It is believed that the performance of a system and the capability of a technology can be continuously improved by means of comparing their properties with the properties of ideal system or ideal technology, respectively. Research in any system or technology is basically generating new knowledge based on intensive study of existing systems or technology and any concepts/issues/problems related to them. Research is also defined as new interpretation of existing knowledge about any issues/ concepts/solutions of the problems of any system or technology by means of analysing them using suitable framework. This Book is based on conceptual discussion on how two general purpose technologies can be used in the possibility of improving many practical systems to improve their performance towards their corresponding ideal systems. An ideal system is a hypothetical system with ideal characteristics. Both Information Communication and Computation Technology (ICCT) and Nanotechnology (NT), as general purpose technologies, are continuously expanding their roots to many industries and becoming so-called Universal Technologies. Universal technology is a technology more than general purpose technology where apart from (1) Pervasiveness, (2) Improvement, and (3) Innovation spawning characteristics, additional characteristics like (4) Universal applicability, and (5) Ideal solutions to problems. The advent of both technologies ICCT and Nanotechnology are presently expanding together in many areas including three very important futuristic technologies which are virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and human life expansion. This book is based on research is carried out during the last five years with an objective of studying the characteristics of some of the ideal systems and comparing their ideal characteristics with characteristics of practical systems with the intention of possible improvements using current and future technologies. The research objectives include the management of nanotechnology innovations to solve real-world problems optimally. The use of nanotechnology in the food sector, drinking water sector, automobile sector, renewable energy sector and health sciences sector to improve the products and services toward ideal systems. The research also includes the use of ICCT to optimize Business, Education, Software, and Computing models. A new model of commercialization of nanotechnology products & services is proposed and the universal technologies are analysed analysis of some of these systems using our newly developed analysis method called ABCD framework. At the outset, two universal technologies and their importance in solving all kinds of problems of society and providing comfortability are studied by identifying and managing opportunities through systematic process