Enyalioides Boulenger 1885

Enyalioides Boulenger 1885 Proposed standard English name: woodlizards Proposed standard Spanish name: lagartijas de palo Enyalus (part) — Guichenot (1855:20, 21); Bocourt (1874: 1). Enyalius (part) — Cope (1876: 169); Boulenger (1881: 246); O’Shaughnessy (1881: 238, 240); Boulenger (1883: 46); Boulenger (1885: 120). Enyalioides Boulenger (1885: 112); Burt & Burt (1933: 23); Etheridge (1969: 256); Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970: 114). Type species (not originally designated): Enyalioides heterolepis Bocourt 1874 (Burt & Burt 1933). Definition. The crown clade originating with the most recent common ancestor of Enyalioides cofanorum Duellman 1973, E. heterolepis (Bocourt 1874), E. laticeps (Guichenot 1855), E. microlepis (O’Shaughnessy 1881), E. oshaughnessyi (Boulenger 1881), E. palpebralis (Boulenger 1883), E. praestabilis (O’Shaughnessy 1881), and E. touzeti Torres-Carvajal et al. 2008 (Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz 2009). Diagnosis. Enyalioides can be distinguished from Hoplocercus by having a laterally compressed or rounded (rather than depressed) tail that is longer than the body (i.e., tail length> SVL). Enyalioides also differs from Hoplocercus and Morunasaurus in having pointed, conical scales on dorsal surface of head and gular region; raised scales posterior to the superciliaries; keeled dorsal scales; a continuous vertebral crest formed by large, trihedral or conical scales (except E. palpebralis, in which most specimens have a nuchal gap in the vertebral crest); and one or more enlarged pretympanic scales (except E. heterolepis). Enyalioides can be further distinguished from Morunasaurus by having a parietal eye. Composition. Nine species: Enyalioides cofanorum Duellman 1973, E. heterolepis (Bocourt 1874), E. laticeps (Guichenot 1855), E. microlepis (O'Shaughnessy 1881), E. oshaughnessyi (Boulenger 1881), E. palpebralis (Boulenger 1883), E. praestabilis (O'Shaughnessy 1881), E. rubrigularis Torres-Carvajal et al. 2009, E. touzeti Torres- Carvajal et al. 2008. Remarks. Most phylogenetic analyses of Hoplocercinae have not found Enyalioides to be a monophyletic group (Etheridge & de Queiroz 1988; Wiens & Etheridge 2003 [between-character scaling]; Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz 2009), though Wiens & Etheridge (2003) found strong to moderate nodal support for monophyly of Enyalioides under their between-state (bootstrap value = 94) and mixed (bootstrap value = 72) scaling methods. Moreover, in their molecular phylogenetic study of Hoplocercinae, Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz (2009) could not reject monophyly of Enyalioides based on several statistical tests. The same authors estimated 27.38 million years (HPD = 22.73–32.31) as the age of Enyalioides including Morunasaurus annularis.Published as part of Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Etheridge, Richard & Queiroz, Kevin De, 2011, A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania), pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 2752 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20707