Figure 14 in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach

Figure 14. Mm. intercristales and mm. cervicales accendentes of birds. A, mm. intercristales shaded dark on the posterior cervicals of Leptoptilos crumeniferus. Inset to left depicts mm. intercristales in context on more of the neck. Recoil of the elastic ligament dorsiflexed the neck in this dissection specimen. B, mm. ascendentes cervicales on the posterior neck of Aquila chrysaetos (light outline). Most of m. transversospinalis capitis has been removed. C, origins and insertions of mm. intercristales (dark shapes), and cervicales ascendentes (lighter shapes), on the posterior cervicals of Struthio camelus. Arrows represent lines of action pulling the insertion towards the origin. In mm. intercristales, origins are from the anterior part of the attachment overlain in blue, and insertions from the posterior part of this area on the next anterior vertebra. For mm. cervicales ascendentes, several slips from posterior vertebrae converge upon a common insertion.Published as part of Eric Snively & Anthony P. Russell, 2007, Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach, pp. 759-808 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151 on page 784, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00334.x, http://zenodo.org/record/373491