Causes of circadian rhythm disorders and methods of their treatment

Machaj Damian, Mazurek Aleksandra, Cyboran Katarzyna, Kuc Monika, Machaj Dominik. Causes of circadian rhythm disorders and methods of their treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(3):151-159. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.03.013 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.03.013 https://zenodo.org/record/6369631 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe:Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.03.2022. Revised: 16.03.2022. Accepted: 19.03.2022. Causes of circadian rhythm disorders and methods of their treatment Damian Machaj Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wybrzeże L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wrocław Poland Aleksandra Mazurek aleksandramazurek7@gmail.com Poznań University of Medical Sciences ul. A. Fredry 11, 61-701 Poznań, Poland Katarzyna Cyboran katarzyna_cyboran@o2.pl Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole Poland Monika Kuc kuc.monika96@gmail.com ; Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Oleska Street 48, 45-052 Opole Poland Dominik Machaj Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lublin Chodźki Street 19 20-093 Lublin Poland ABSTRACT The circadian rhythm is the main biological rhythm to which man is subject. During the day periods of activity and sleep, eating habits, body temperature, secretion of certain hormones and frequency of urination all change. In anatomical terms, the biological clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the hypothalamus [3]. The most important factor in the circadian rhythm is sunlight. They are particularly vulnerable to disturbances of the circadian rhythm school students and shift workers, however, please note that phenomenon this can occur in anyone. The consequences of circadian rhythm disorders include: reduced work efficiency, reduced social contacts, mood disorders, depression, obesity or metabolic diseases [1]. Main causes and disturbances of the circadian rhythmis reduced exposure to natural sunlight [1, 2]. Studies have shown that the biological rhythm may be disturbed by: the aging process [3], incorrect concentration such hormones as melatonin and cortisol [4, 8-27], symptoms of various diseases such as schizophrenia and medications taken [6], extension of the circadian cycle [7, 28] and factors such associal life, time spent using multimedia devices, putting off homework by the students late evening hours, decreased parental control, increased frequency of anxiety disorders, non-compliance with the rules of sleep hygiene and consumption of caffeine-containing products [7, 28, 29, 30]. The treatment of circadian rhythm disorders is primarily based on the patient's adherence to the rules of sleep hygiene. The use of phototherapy is also an effective method. In case of the ineffectiveness of the above methods drug treatment may be considered. Melatonin is the drug of choice. In the case of treatment with melatonin, the correct time of administration is crucial and his dose. Pharmacotherapy with hypnotic drugs has a modest, short-term efficacy and should be used in last resort [7, 31]. KEY WORDS: circadian rhythm, activity, slee