Complex clinical and echographic assessment of the peculiarities of developmental anomalies of uterus and vagina in children and adolescents

The objective. To assess the structure of independent and combined forms of anomalies in the development of the uterus and/or vagina in children and adolescents, justifying the need for ultrasound screening in this age group. Materials and methods. The study involved 146 patients with malformations of the uterus and/or vagina at the age from 10 to 20 years. All patients underwent a clinical examination, which included anamnestic data, gynecological examination, and ultrasound examination. The calculation of indicators of the diagnostic information content of ultrasound was carried out taking into account the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the method. Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the largest proportion of all anomalies of the internal genitals was uterine malformations (37,0%), complete doubling of the uterus and vagina (17,1%), vaginal aplasia (15,1%). Genetic or chromosomal pathology was detected in 36 patients (24,7%), in the remaining 110 patients (75,3%) a multifactorial nature of the disease was assumed. Attention is drawn to the fact that 48 patients (32.8%) with uterine and/or vaginal malformations, who did not present complaints, were identified during the primary ultrasound screening, which indicates the effectiveness of this method in examining girls and adolescents. In 12 children (8,25%) in addition to abnormalities in the development of the uterus and/or vagina, ultrasound revealed tumors and tumor-like diseases of the uterine appendages. Also, 57 malformations of other organs and systems were revealed in 49 (33,6%) examined patients, and 8 (5,5%) had concomitant defects. In most cases, in 99 patients (67,8%) with anomalies in the development of internal genitalia, the anamnesis was aggravated by the factors of their parents (burdened heredity, disease, occupational health, etc.) Conclusion. As a result of a comprehensive clinical examination of patients with congenital anomalies in the development of internal genitalia, the diagnosis was clarified, the share of hereditary and some environmental factors in the manifestation of this pathology was revealed, which is one of the common gynecological diseases that are characterized by a variety of forms of anomalies, clinical symptoms and a high percentage of diagnostic errors. At puberty, the use of echography to clarify the state of the internal genital organs is of great practical importance. Non-invasiveness, absence of psychogenic traumatization, safety and high information content make it possible not only to diagnose congenital pathology, but also to use this method as a dynamic observation of the state of the uterus and/or vagina in girls and adolescents, which is very important when choosing rational methods for correcting this patholog