Effective Ultramarathon Pacing Strategies on Road and Trail; A Narrative review

Since the first "Comrades Marathon" in 1921, ultramarathons have experienced meteoric growth. The sport of ultrarunning has recently seen a rise in both participation and spectator interest. The data from literature review have helped in It is essential for both researchers and ultramarathon runners to get an understanding of how to improve performance, which is significantly influenced by the pacing strategies utilised by participants. Pacing strategies for ultramarathon runners can vary greatly from one another depending on factors such as age, distance, level of performance, and the environment in which they are competing. It helps in overcoming the drop in speed, which is helpful when running on mountains, which is helpful when running on flat terrain, and it helps in the implementation of a precooling strategy, which is helpful for better running. However, no study has taken into account the different pacing techniques that are required for running ultramarathons on hilly terrain as opposed to running ultramarathons on level roads or tracks. In order to better help researchers, coaches, and ultramarathon competitors understand the processes and strategies of pacing on a wide variety of terrains, this review sought to synthesize effective pacing strategies on the existing literature among mountain and track ultramarathons, their resemblances and differences, and potential gaps in the literature. This review was conducted to help participants in ultramarathons more clearly comprehend the methods and pacing tactics used on a range of terrains