We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum plays a primary role in particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. - Photons are local oscillations of the electromagnetic vacuum field guided by a non-local vector potential wave function - The vacuum electric permittivity and magnetic permeability are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic vacuum - We show that the electron-positron elementary charge derive naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum - The masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are quantum states of the elementary charges and their corresponding magnetic moments. We demonstrate the equivalence of Newton's gravitational law to Coulomb's electrostatic law. - The gravitational co...