The Gastrointestinal disorders and leaky gut syndrome in endurance athletes. The Polish perspective

MURAWIEC, Izabela and KONERT, Magdalena. The Gastrointestinal disorders and leaky gut syndrome in endurance athletes. The Polish perspective. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;15(1):151-162. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.15.01.015 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/46072 https://zenodo.org/record/8317389 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 03.08.2023. Revised: 24.08.2023. Accepted: 05.09.2023. Published: 07.09.2023. Izabela Murawiec a, Magdalena Konert a a Jędrzej Śniadecki Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland Gastrointestinal disorders and leaky gut syndrome in endurance athletes Correspondence: mgr. Izabela Murawiec, Jędrzej Śniadecki Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland Email: iza.naklo@wp.pl Izabela Murawiec [IM] Jędrzej Śniadecki Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland email: iza.naklo@wp.pl https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4056-5806 Magdalena Konert [MK] Jędrzej Śniadecki Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland email: magdalenakonert00@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8998-4143 Abstract Gastrointestinal disorders are common in endurance-sport athletes, and can negatively affect physical performance and general health. During long lasting exercises such like ultramarathon, triathlon, marathon a characteristic phenomenon is the increase in the concentration many proinflammatory markers and proteins such like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alfa, LPS, CK and C-reactive protein. Despite observed biochemical changes on of the typical “side effects” of physical activity is increased intestinal permeability, also called to as leaky gut. Recent research has demonstrated that even one hour of of intense endurance training note even with a maximum work capacity can lead to leaky gut symptoms and gastrointestinal disorders. Increased intestinal permeability is accomplished with changes of numerus molecular biomarkers, that indicate presence of this disease state and the degradation of the intestinal mucosa, such like lipopolysaccharides, zonulin, lactulose/rhamnose ratio, occludin and I-FABP, and many other. The understanding of this processes and understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of leaky gut syndrome can lead to funding new methods and means of both avoiding and treating this condition. Key words: leaky gut syndrome, long distance runners, gastrointestinal disorders, Słowa kluczowe: zespół nieszczelnego jelita, biegacze długodystansowi, zaburzenia żołądkowo-jelitow