Determining The Immunohistochemical Expression of P53 and its Role in Grading Urothelial Carcinoma

To establish the importance of immunohistochemical staining of P53 in grading of Urothelial Carcinoma. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Histopathology, Lady Reading Hospital (Medical Teaching Institution), Peshawar, from August 2021 till February 2022. 97 Paraffin embedded blocks of Urothelial carcinoma along with clinical record of these patients, from January 2018 till December 2020, were retrieved from data bank of Histopathology department and Health management information system. Cutting of blocks and staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and P53 antibody was done. Expression of p53 was noted by two consultant pathologists. Nuclear immunoreactivity of strong intensity was considered positive, if present in more than 10% of tumor cells, and negative if either no staining or staining in less than 10% of tumor cells was noted. Statistical analysis (Pearsmann correlation) was used to determine the correlation among various variables. Results Out of 97 patients, the minimum age was 20 years while maximum age was found to be 90 years with mean + standard deviation of 64 +11 years. There were 86 (88.6%) male patients and 11 (11.3) female patients. 49(51%) cases were low grade Urothelial carcinoma whereas 48(49%) cases displayed high grade morphology. p53 was found positive in 63(64.95%) patients. Among positive cases, 45 cases were high grade and 18 were low grade Urothelial carcinoma. Conclusion P53 Positivity was seen in 64.95% patients with Urothelial carcinoma. P53 is an important immunohistochemical marker for early diagnosis and grading of Urothelial carcinoma cases