Adverse effects in the management of breast cancer – recent studies

MAKSYMOWICZ, Marcela, MACHOWIEC, Piotr, KORZENIOWSKA, Anna, BARAN, Natalia, BIELAK, Adriana, NOWAK, Aleksandra, CYWKA, Łucja, SZWED, Weronika, NOWAK, Alicja & BOGUSZ, Klaudia. Adverse effects in the management of breast cancer – recent studies. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;37(1):11-24. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.37.01.001 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43845 https://zenodo.org/record/8001807 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 04.05.2023. Revised: 10.05.2023. Accepted: 03.06.2023. Published: 05.06.2023. Adverse effects in the management of breast cancer – recent studies Marcela Maksymowicz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-1609 Piotr Machowiec Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-0110 Anna Korzeniowska Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 4 w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-1501 Natalia Baran Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny im. prof. Witolda Orłowskiego w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3221-9651 Adriana Bielak Szpital Zakonu Bonifratrów św. Jana Grandego w Krakowie https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4998-0458 Aleksandra Nowak Szpital Specjalistyczny im SZ Starkiewicza w Dąbrowie Górniczej https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8572-8798 Łucja Cywka 7 szpital Marynarki Wojennej w Gdańsku https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8314-4825 Weronika Szwed Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Olsztynie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-7970 Alicja Nowak 7 Szpital Marynarki Wojennej w Gdańsku https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4684-2877 Klaudia Bogusz 7 Szpital Marynarki Wojennej w Gdańsku https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0818-2423 Abstract Introduction and purpose Breast cancer (BC) management includes local therapies surgery, radiotherapy and systemic – hormonotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted and immunotherapy. However, some adverse events of these treatment strategies limit their wide administration in BC therapy. The aim of the study was to present adverse effects in the management of BC, prevention and treatment of them. State of the knowledge Surgery of the breast leads to lymphedema, pain, and anatomical changes. The most characteristic adverse event of radiotherapy is radiation dermatitis which is more probable among obese, older patients, females, and smokers. Other side effects are pneumonia, cardiac and pulmonary injury. Chemotherapeutics lead to complications such as anthracyclines-induced cardiotoxicity. As a consequence of endocrine therapy, patients are affected by vasomotor, musculoskeletal, and vulvovaginal symptoms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are usually mild. When severe irAEs occur, immunosuppressive drugs are used. Depending on stage, toxicities of the therapies can lead to interrupting the treatment of BC. Moreover, drug resistance is an important therapeutic obstacle in BC treatment. Conclusion The application of a diversity of drugs in the treatment of breast cancer is associated with adverse effects which limit its efficacy. It is vital to develop novel, targeted therapeutic methods to optimize outcomes of patients. Given the adverse effects of breast cancer therapies and drug resistance, it is vital to develop novel, targeted therapeutic methods. Keywords: Breast cancer; Breast cancer treatment; Radiotherapy; Immunotherapy; Toxicity; Chemotherap