Reflexive constructions in Polish

Polish, an Indo-European language of the West Slavic sub-branch, has three types of reflexive constructions. The coreference between agent and patient participant roles can be expressed by one of the following reflexivizers: siebie, swój, or się. The first reflexive nominal siebie shares the inflectional pattern with the personal pronoun, which is uncommon from a crosslinguistic perspective. The second reflexive nominal swój is used in the context of the 3rd person to make a formal distinction between 3rd person reflexive possessive pronouns and their nonreflexive counterparts. Finally, the reflexive clitic się is verbal, modifying the syntactic and semantic value of the verbal valency. Even if się is particularly frequent in impersonal constructions, its omnipresence in middle or reflexive domains is also non-negligible. Like in many Slavic languages, się may also encode the antipassive function