Diet in the prevention and treatment of depression - systematic review. Basal cell carcinoma in the elderly Cryosurgery or surgery – a case study with reference to the literature

SZULC, Izabela, SWACHA, Weronika, KOZŁOWSKA, Julia, PACEK, Katarzyna, PIEKARSKA, Małgorzata, KASPERSKI, Radosław, JEDLINA, Klaudia, RUSIN, Klaudia, BUDZIŁŁO, Julia & LEWANDOWSKA, Monika. Diet in the prevention and treatment of depression - systematic review. Basal cell carcinoma in the elderly Cryosurgery or surgery – a case study with reference to the literature. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;14(1):71-78. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.14.01.008 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42940 https://zenodo.org/record/7739702 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.03.2023. Revised: 14.03.2023. Accepted: 14.03.2023. Published: 16.03.2023. Diet in the prevention and treatment of depression - systematic review Izabela Szulc, Szpital Praski P.W. Przemienienia Pańskiego in Warsaw, ORCID: 0000-0002-2262-6886, izabelaszulc4@gmail.com Weronika Swacha, Mazowieckie Centrum Stomatologii in Warsaw, ORICID: 0000-0002-1865-5967, weronka6@gmail.com Julia Kozłowska, Mazowieckie Centrum Stomatologii in Warsaw, ORICID: 0009-0005-1902-1615, jukoz01@gmail.com Katarzyna Pacek, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA in Warsaw, ORCID: 0000-0001-6947-558X, kasia.pacek1@gmail.com Małgorzata Piekarska, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ in Lublin, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4923, piekarska13@gmail.com Radosław Kasperski, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ in Lublin, ORCID: 0000-0002-7364-3205, r.kasperski95@gmail.com Klaudia Jedlina, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA in Warsaw, ORCID: 0000-0002-2363-2620, klaudiajedlina@gmail.com Klaudia Rusin, Mazowieckie Centrum Stomatologii in Warsaw, ORICID: 0000-0001-8386-7053, klaudiarusin1911@gmail.com Julia Budziłło, Uniwersyteckie Centrum Stomatologii in Warsaw, ORICID: 0000-0001-7994-6728, j.budzillo@gmail.com Monika Lewandowska, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny in Warsaw, ORCID: 0000-0001-7855-5995, lewandowska097@gmail.com ABSTRACT Introduction: Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. It affects, according to WHO, nearly 300 million people worldwide, a number close to 3,8 % of the world’s population. Depression is not exclusively a mental disorder limited to psychiatry, nowadays it is present in all medical fields. It has a significant association with many comorbidities, as an example cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Additionally, depression often is manifested with psychosomatic symptoms. Both aspects lead clinicians to major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Objectives: Due to the increasing number of depression diagnosis and regarding treatment difficulties and limitations of contemporary antidepressants, several recent studies focus on novel modifiable risk factors and promising future therapeutic tool. Today, mental health nutrition is an expanding field gaining considerable clinical attention in managing depression. Particularly in groups of children and elderly patients where we may meet concerns about traditional therapy. Methods: This article is a wide systematic review of nutritional candidates that play an important role in both prevention and treatment of depression. We screened single diet elements (omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, selenium, iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate, fiber, meat, creatine) along with entirety dietary patterns. Moreover, we highlighted the importance of gut microbiota that is strongly connected with both diet and central nervous system. Results: Each one of dietary element: omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, selenium, iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate, creatine was found to correspond with mental health in patients and the level of mentioned diet components is negatively correlated with depression risk of individuals. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation as well as zinc supplementation were established to promote a greater later respond to antidepressant in patient resistant to traditional pharmacotherapy. Moreover, all described elements broaden treatment possibilities. The evidence of this correlation generally is greater in risk groups for developing depression. It is worth emphasizing that, mainly seen in iron deficiency, type of consequences depends on the age when the deficiency occurred. Regarding dietary patterns and meat consumption more complex interaction are noticed and the analysis requires considerable comprehensiveness. Nevertheless, we know that systemic inflammation has source in high consumption of processed food and red meat. Unhealthy diet leads also to deficiency of vitamin and minerals listed below with its implications. In connection with gut microbiota and the soluble fiber the numerous interactions between it and central nervous system are intriguing and still unexplored. Beyond systemic inflammation plenty of others metabolic processes are involved including synthesis of neurotransmitters, hormones, BDNF and short-chain fatty acid. The qualitative and quantitative of microbiota composition is inextricably linked to mental health, especially to depression. Conclusions: Each of the dietary aspect considered in the article has a significant correlation with depression disorder and might support the new multidisciplinary attitude toward it in mental health. Key words: depression, diet, gut microbiota, dietary patterns, microelemen