Sustainable Management Techniques for Controlling Locust Swarms in Pakistan

Abstract This review aims to provide an overview of the management techniques utilized in Pakistan for controlling locust outbreaks, which have caused significant agricultural losses in the country. The review covers several methods, including chemical and biological control, cultural control, and modern technologies. Locust outbreaks have been a persistent threat to Pakistan's agriculture, and various management techniques have been employed over the years. Chemical control using insecticides is the most commonly used method but has drawbacks such as high cost, environmental pollution, and insecticide resistance development. Consequently, there has been a shift towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly control methods, such as biological control using natural enemies and cultural control through changes in land use and cropping patterns. Biopesticides derived from natural sources and biocontrol agents like parasitic wasps and birds have proven to be effective in controlling locusts while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Cultural control methods, such as crop rotation and intercropping, reduce crop susceptibility to locust damage. Early detection and monitoring of locust swarms are crucial for effective control and prevention of crop damage. In conclusion, a combination of different management techniques can be employed for effective and sustainable control of locusts in Pakistan, requiring continued research and development of new control methods that are both effective and environmentally friendly to ensure long-term success. Keywords: locust, control management, biological control, crop rotatio