Fig. 5 in Comparison of glucosinolate diversity in the crucifer tribe Cardamineae and the remaining order Brassicales highlights repetitive evolutionary loss and gain of biosynthetic steps

Fig. 5. Structural redundancy and innovation in glucosinolate (GSL) biodiversity. A. Representative GSL structures categorized as ancient due to presence in nonBrassicaceae members of the order Brassicales. The poorly known status for a substituted Trp-derived is indicated (see text). B. Representative GSLs from three derived families (Capparaceae, Cleomaceae and Brassicaceae) with a simplified indication of the biosynthetic connections of n-homoMet derived GSLs. C. Distribution of three groups of GSLs in selected members of the tribes Cardamineae, Arabideae and Brassiceae. The first group, those illustrated in panel A, seem to be due to ancient or recapitulated biosynthesis. The second group seem to be of intermediate age, the n-homoMet derived are pooled for space considerations. Possibly, the 4-substituted Trp derived 4moIM (48) and homoIle derived 54 and 29 also belongs to this group. The third group is deduced to represent recently evolved biosyntheses, as discussed in text, and the GSLs are illustrated in panel D. The category "Present" in panel C indicates one or more conclusive demonstrations of the relevant GSL, while "Tested, not reported" means that relevant organs have been tested using relevant methods, yet the GSL was not reported, although explicit search for the GSL was not necessarily reported. Hence we could not conclude the GSL to be "not found", although this would be the simplest interpretation. The category "Circumstantial evidence" means that reasonable but not conclusive evidence for the relevant GSL has been published, while the category "Insufficent or missing data" means that relevant organs (roots for substituted Trp-derived and seeds for SGlc-acylated) have not been sufficiently investigated using methods with demonstrated ability to reveal the GSL in question.Published as part of Agerbirk, Niels, Hansen, Cecilie Cetti, Kiefer, Christiane, Hauser, Thure P., Ørgaard, Marian, Lange, Conny Bruun Asmussen, Cipollini, Don & Koch, Marcus A., 2021, Comparison of glucosinolate diversity in the crucifer tribe Cardamineae and the remaining order Brassicales highlights repetitive evolutionary loss and gain of biosynthetic steps, pp. 1-26 in Phytochemistry (112668) 185 on page 12, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112668, http://zenodo.org/record/825976