Институты и инструменты реализации эколого-экономической политики в условиях обеспечения устойчивого развития региона

Any economic activity related to the production and consumption of material goods is carried out in the framework of a close exchange of raw materials, materials, and energy with the environment. Entering into connection with the natural environment, enterprises and organizations form a dynamic ecological and economic system, which is nothing more than a symbiosis of two mutually affecting subsystems: environmental and economic. A key feature of environmental and economic systems is the balance and proportionality of resource and production systems. Then the wider implementation of processes related to the greening of activities is considered as a necessary condition for the transition to sustainable development. In 2015, the UN General Assembly agreed on the sustainable development goals for the period until 2030. Sustainable development poses the challenge of improving the environmental, social, and economic aspects, all of which are equally important to meet the needs of consumers. The emphasis on sustainable development is to ensure economic growth while preserving the natural environment for present and future generations. Despite the strengthening of environmental policy, as well as the adoption and penetration of the concept of accelerated development into many areas of activity, its impact on global environmental trends was still limited. After the last global economic crisis, the concept of sustainable development is seen not as a system that slows down development, but as a doctrine, that reveals new opportunities related to economic growth. It is this concept that acts as a new driving force for economic development. Environmental activity, as one of the subsystems of sustainable development, is becoming increasingly economically viable, allowing enterprises to receive various direct and indirect benefits by preventing negative environmental impacts. Environmental protection in the context of modern structural changes in the economy fundamentally changes the proportions of consumption of natural and intellectual resources. Today, such structural changes are neo-industrial in nature and will mark a new stage in the development of the world industry, in which the digitalization of production is increasing, the consumption of natural resources and harmful emissions are sharply reduced. Each country has its own economic and social conditions, authentic features; however, the greening of activities can be described through a combination of indicators: the proportion of green activities in the country's GDP or GRP of the region; the proportion of the population employed in green activities; the contribution of the economical use of resources and environmental measures to economic growth; the volume of public and private investment in the greening of activities; the share of environmentally friendly products and services in the structure of consumption; the amount of government spending in sectors that deplete natural capital. Implementation/implementation of activities to improve the above indicators involves. - Promoting investment and spending in areas that stimulate the development of a green economy; - Creation of a reliable regulatory framework, the purpose of which is the greening of all areas of the national economy; - Solving environmental problems through the use of market tools that stimulate environmental innovation and investment; - Strengthening the institutions of international governance governing activities in the field of sustainable development of economies. All these questions are reflected in the material of this monograph. An analysis of the scientific literature on the topic of the monograph showed that a fairly large number of scientists raised questions of rational environmental management and sustainable development in their studies. Among them are Banin A.P., Vishnyakov Y.D., Kiseleva S.P., Kostina N.V.; Kochurov B.I., Rosenberg G.S.; Ryumina E.V. and others. Critical to business and the economy as a whole is the availability of an environmentally sound strategy. The implementation of green production and environmental cooperation programs in the supply chain makes a major contribution to environmental sustainability. These questions were studied by Seuring and Müller, Rao and Holt, Vachon, and Klassen. Much attention is paid to the study of the causal relationship between economic and environmental activities. For the most part, business actively invests in environmental initiatives if they lead to high economic indicators, which are then reinvested in environmental projects. This study substantiates the existence and tightness of recursive relationships between economic and environmental activities in order to ensure sustainable development of the regions. But still, the integration of environmental and economic activities is faced with a whole range of problems. On the one hand, the number of economic resources necessary for the implementation of environmental programs and environmental measures can be quite high, while the resulting economic benefits are not guaranteed. Then only profitable companies have the opportunity to invest in green in order to fulfill their environmental obligations and achieve environmental guidelines. On the other hand, the implementation of environmental programs is not so much an opportunity for business development as a cost center. Organizations are involved in environmental and resource-saving activities, as this is required by laws and other regulations. On the third hand, the implementation of activities in the field of environmental protection, resource conservation, greening is nothing more than social responsibility, which ultimately allows us to produce competitive advantages. The material of the monograph is divided into 2 parts. The first part discusses the provisions of a methodological nature for the development of environmental and economic activities. The state of nature management and greening is estimated on the example of the Vladimir region. The second part reflects issues related to the institutional and instrumental basis for ensuring the environmental and economic development policy of the region. Emphasis on the development of an institution such as entrepreneurship. Environmental safety and innovation are considered as tools aimed at improving the sustainability of the region. Particular attention is paid to the greening of industrial enterprises, as ecological and economic systems, which are system-forming elements of the region’s economy. The following scientific results are obtained in the monograph: The conceptual view on the issues of ensuring the environmental and economic policy of the development of the region is substantiated. The trends in ensuring environmental and economic activity as a factor in increasing the stability of the region are identified. The model of the synergy of economic and environmental activities, which allows increasing the effectiveness of regional environmental and economic policies, is substantiated. The directions for improving the tools and institutions of environmental and economic policy in order to ensure sustainable development of the region are identified