Ecological marginalization is widespread and increases extinction risk in mammals

Human land-use results in widespread range change across taxa. Anthropogenic pressures can result in species' realized niches expanding, shifting, or contracting. Marginalization occurs when contraction constrains species to the geographic or ecological extremes of their historic niche. Using 4,785 terrestrial mammal species, we show that range contraction results in niche space and habitat diversity loss. Additionally, ecological marginalization is a common consequence of range contraction caused by human land use change. Remnant populations become located in the climatic and topographic extremes of their historic niche that are more likely to be at the periphery of their historic niche at greater distances from historic niche centroids. This ecological marginalization is associated with poor performance and increased extinction risk independent of geographic range loss. Range loss and marginalization may create a "double whammy" in vulnerable groups, such as large-bodied species and species with small geographical range size. Our results reveal a hitherto unrecognized conservation threat that is vital to incorporate into conservation assessment and management.There are multiple scripts and should be run in the following order set: All scripts are described in using both annotations in the scripts as well as briefly here. Scripts should be run using R either on a computer or on a cluster. 1. Climatic_datasheet_extraction_speciesset 2. Hypervolume_modelling_Specieset 3. Convex_hull_and_Mahalanobis_distance_modelling_Speciesset 4. Ecological_centre_vs_conditions_at_geographic_centroid_comparsion_Speciesset 5. Ecological_marginalisation_increases_exinctionrisk_PGLS_modelsFunding provided by: Natural Environment Research CouncilCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270Award Number: NE/L002469/1This dataset contains code for generating niche hypervolumes for range contracted mammals, code for assessing minimum convex hulls and effect size changes in climatic and topographic variables, code extracting climatic variables range contracted species, CSVs of species niche parameters for data analysis, code for PGLS data analysis across species, and code for Niche and Range centre analysis data