A review on magnesium ferrite nanostructure materials: Energy, environment, electronics and biomedical applications

Introduction: Ferrite constituents are prospective contenders for recent scientific applications because of its adjustable electrical & magnetic properties (1). Magnesium ferrite (Mg2+Fe3+O4) is a significant magnetic oxide with cubic gathering of n- spinel ferrite (2, 3). Among spinel ferrites, MgFe2O4 is soft magnetic n-type semiconducting quantifiable (4). The unique and distinctive properties of magnesium ferrite find several applications in sensors, fuel cell, waste water treatment, heterogeneous catalysis, oil paint, adsorption and biomedical applications (5). This review significantly focused on the current improvement in MgFe2O4 based nano ferrites / composites / doped quantifiable for the submission in the energy, environment, electronics & biological application. Applications of MgFe2O4 nanostructure materials: The energy is the greatest substantial requirement in today’s life, and nothing is possible without it and its impact can be realized by viewing the energy requirement in our everyday life. The energy obtained may be from renewable/non-renewable sources. The global data of 2015 estimated energy demand is fulfilled 76.3% by fossil fuels, 16.6 % by hydel energy, 3.7% by wind energy, 2 % by biomass and 1.2% by solar PV (Photovoltaic) cell (6). The use of nonrenewable energy sources results in the highest greenhouse gas emissions, with the electricity sector emitting 30% and various modes of transportation emitting 26% (7). The best alternative is using renewable source of energy to minimize the greenhouse emissions. There are various renewable sources of energy i.e solar, wind, hydel & biomass energy which has been reported by various researcher in recent and past (8, 9). The spinel type ferrites MFe2O4 have found their important applications such as those in microwave devices, humidity sensors, electronic industries, magnetic recording media, information storage systems & green anode materials (10- 12). Magnetic nanoscale materials can be used in a variety of medical and biological applications. Hyperthermia and medicine targeting are two potential fields in which nanostructured magnetic components, such as nanoparticles and mesoporous ferrite, are expected to play a vital role (13). Because of their targeting and delivery capabilities, magnetic NMs (nanomaterials) are attractive candidates for drug delivery to malignant tumours and local hyperthermia (14, 15). Conclusions: Magnesium ferrite nanoparticles materials are prospective candidates for modern technological applications in the sectors of energy, environment, electronics, and biological applications due to their tunable structural, electrical, and magnetic properties. Magnesium ferrite has been used from many decades but still many research works are in progress in several fields. Keywords: Magnesium Ferrite; Nanomaterial; Energy; Biomedical Application; Environment; Electronics References 1. A. N. Rahman, M. A. Malik, M. Akram et.al,” Proficient magnesium nanoferrites: Synthesis and characterization”, Physica Scripta, 2011. 2. Y. Ichiyanagi, T. Uehashi, Phys. Stat. Sol. C 1 (2004) 3385. 3. Li Y, Li Q, Wen M, Jhang Y, Jhai Y, Xie Z, Xu F and Wei S, J Electr Spectrosc Relat Phenom., 2007, 60, 1-6; DOI:10.1080/0371750X.2010. 4. K. K. Kefeni, T. A. M. Masagati et.al,”Ferrite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and application in electronic devices”, Material Science and engineering B 215 (2017) 37-55. 5. Lee P Y, Ishizaka K, Suematsu H, Jiang W and Yatsui K, J Nanopart Res., 2006, 8, 29-35; DOI:10.1007/s11051-005-5427-z. 6. R. K. Kotnala and Jyoti Shah. (2018) 2.8 Magnetic Materials. In: Dincer, I. (ed.), Comprehensive Energy Systems. vol. 2, pp. 204–234. Oxford: Elsevier. 7. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Sources of greenhouse gas emissions. U.S. Climate Action Report; 2014. 8. Turner J A. A realizable renewable energy future. Science 1999; 285: 687 – 9. 9. ISES. Renewable energy policy network for the 21st century. Renewables 2017 global status report; 2017. 10. K. A. Mohammed, A. D. Al-Rawas, A. M. Gismelseed, A. Sellai, H. M. Widatallah, A. Yousif, M. E. Elzain, M. Shongwe, Physica B 407(2012)795. 11. P. Poddar, H. Srikanth, S.A. Morrison, E.E. Carpenter, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 288 (2005) 443–451. 12. N. Kikukawa, M. Takemori, Y. Nagano, M. Sugasawa, S. Kobayashi, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 284 (2004) 206. 13. T. Valde’ S - Soli’s, Review - Surface area inorganic compounds prepared by nano casting techniques, 41 (2006) 2187. 14. Gupta, A. K, Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications, Biomaterials, 26 (2005) 3995. 15. Mahmoudi, M et.al, Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): Devlopment, surface modification and applications in chemotherapy, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 63 (2011) 24