Transplantation Stem Cells: From Definition to Opportunities of Clinical Application

The progressive development of embryology, biology, and hematology in the field of experimental research on the biology of SC contribute to the development of new methods and approaches of cellular and tissue therapy for the reatment of pathological conditions and a number of various diseases. To analyze the information about stem cell (SC) biology, which revealed great possibilities of its use as cellular, gene therapy using both embryonic stem cells (ESC) and SC of an adult organism. The application of ESC requires further study of the clinical possibilities of application in clinical practice, which will directly depend on the limits of tolerance in legal and ethical aspects regarding work with embryonic tissues, the development of an appropriate legislative framework for this field of medicine. The materials for processing were published information sources, publications of scientific research. Used methods of systematic and structural-logical analysis, bibliosemantic. It is promising to carry out research on the feasibility of using auto- and allografts of SC hematopoietic tissue obtained from alternative sources, in particular, umbilical cord blood, embryonic liver, bone marrow in clinical transplantation, the development of new transplantation technologies with the use of non-myeloablative modes of conditioning, transplant purification, the use of hematopoietic factors growth of a new generation, vaccination with dendritic cells, etc. Considering the general aspects of the stem cell (self-renewal, differentiation, plasticity, asymmetric division, niche, stromal support), the possibilities of using embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine and cell therapy open up. The solution to the problem of SC transplantation gives patients a chance for cure and life extension