Spatial variation of soil salinity of the southern part of the alluvial plain of Iraq and its impact on agricultural production

Abstract— The problem of soil salinity from the grave on the soils and agricultural production in the regions of the world in general and Iraq and soil southern part of the alluvial plain of the Iraqi problems, as reflected by leaving large tracts of agricultural lands and low agricultural production, so research aims to know the historical evolution of this problem and determine the quality and quantity of salts and to clarify the reasons for the accumulation and effects and finally propose appropriate solutions. The first signs of salinity in the search area have emerged since the mid-third millennium BC and took worsen to the present time, Show of Soils region it Mazijah Grenier with Mgas slow permeability medium general rate of salinity 13.5 Mlmoz / cm, and the ESP approximately 18.4% and PH 6,7, for all sites to soil the banks of the river basins, and therefore considered soils saline alkaline increases towards the south and from the banks of rivers lowlands adjacent to the accumulation of salts is due to the interaction of a number of factors, including very high evaporation and saline groundwater level, the quality of irrigation water, excessive irrigation, exercise Altbooir system, the lack of Alambazl, poor natural drainage ........ etc , The risk of salinity problem requires radical solutions is to create Mpazl wash, in addition to the need to educate farmers about the correct practice in irrigation and drainage techniques, in particular agricultural operations in general to keep the soil and water resources, which is one of the natural resources the task. As well as to increase agricultural production in order to ensure the needs of food that is growing as a result of the forced and high standard of living of the population growth