Diet and physical activity in the treatment of obesity - current knowledge

Brzuszkiewicz, Kinga, Rudziński, Gracjan, Pożarowska, Kinga & Grunwald, Arkadiusz. Diet and physical activity in the treatment of obesity - current knowledge. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(12):180-186. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.12.028 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40726 https://zenodo.org/record/7332734 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 03.11.2022. Revised: 10.11.2022. Accepted: 18.11.2022. Diet and physical activity in the treatment of obesity - current knowledge Kinga Brzuszkiewicz Students’ Research Group at the Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3941-027X Gracjan Rudziński Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-9144 Kinga Pożarowska Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0691-0155 Arkadiusz Grunwald Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9792-1118 Abstract Introduction: Obesity is now becoming a growing problem and challenge for medicine. The number of people with excessive body weight has now reached more than 2 billion, or about 30% of the world's population. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe some of the already known treatments for obesity, along with the latest research on the subject, in order to show the importance of developing and introducing new methods of weight loss. Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to review the impact of obesity on health and the diets offered to people struggling with the disease. Materials and methods: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database up to November 2022, using the keywords. Results: Consistently limiting caloric intake is a must when losing weight. There are also diets such as low-carbohydrate, low-fat and high-protein diets, but following them can also have some side effects. For example, a high-protein diet can lead to kidney stones. The Mediterranean diet is also a good option for people with obesity. It lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. All obesity treatment suggestions consistently recommend a balanced and low-calorie diet with reduced fat (along with saturated fatty acids) and optimal amounts of fiber. In addition to diet, physical activity is an important topic. The primary recommendation for people with obesity is at least moderate to vigorous physical activity of at least 150 minutes per week. Summary: In conclusion, the overarching goal of obesity treatment is to improve quality of life. Calorie restriction, regular exercise or a combination of both is accepted as an effective strategy for preventing or treating obesity. Keywords: obesity, exercise, diet, adipose tissu