Personality traits are heritable and respond to natural selection, but are at the same time influenced by the ontogenetic environment. Epigenetic effects, such as DNA methylation, have been proposed as a key mechanism to control personality variation. However, to date little is known about the contribution of epigenetic effects to natural variation in behaviour. Here, we show that great tit (Parus major) lines artificially selected for divergent exploratory behaviour for four generations differ in their DNA methylation levels at the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene. This D4 receptor is statistically associated with personality traits in both humans and nonhuman animals, including the great tit. Previous work in this songbird failed to detec...
The assessment of genetic architecture and selection history in genes for behavioural traits is fund...
Individuals often differ in their ability to cope with challenging environmental and social conditio...
Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) have been related to individual variation in n...
Personality traits are heritable and respond to natural selection, but are at the same time influenc...
Personality traits are heritable and respond to natural selection, but are at the same time influenc...
Personality traits are heritable and respond to natural selection, but are at the same time influenc...
The search for the hereditary mechanisms underlying quantitative traits traditionally focused on the...
DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms that can regulate gene expression and is an...
Polymorphisms in several neurotransmitter-associated genes have been associated with variation in hu...
Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) have been related to individual variation in n...
Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) have been related to individual variation in n...
The assessment of genetic architecture and selection history in genes for behavioural traits is fund...
Individuals often differ in their ability to cope with challenging environmental and social conditio...
Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) have been related to individual variation in n...
Personality traits are heritable and respond to natural selection, but are at the same time influenc...
Personality traits are heritable and respond to natural selection, but are at the same time influenc...
Personality traits are heritable and respond to natural selection, but are at the same time influenc...
The search for the hereditary mechanisms underlying quantitative traits traditionally focused on the...
DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms that can regulate gene expression and is an...
Polymorphisms in several neurotransmitter-associated genes have been associated with variation in hu...
Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) have been related to individual variation in n...
Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) have been related to individual variation in n...
The assessment of genetic architecture and selection history in genes for behavioural traits is fund...
Individuals often differ in their ability to cope with challenging environmental and social conditio...
Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) have been related to individual variation in n...