Fig. 6 in Kinematic Model of Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Arctometatarsus Function

Fig. 6. CT reconstructions of right Gorgosaurus libratus arctometatarsus, showing tensile keystone model of stance phase kinematics. Vector sizes represent relative magnitudes of force. a: Corresponds to Figure 5b. When the foot pads beneath the metatarsals come into full contact with the substrate, the longer central metatarsal III (MT III) is displaced dorsally (white arrow) by ground-reaction forces greater than those on MT II and MT IV (yellow arrows). This force differential imposes tension on intermetatarsal ligaments (green arrows). b: Corresponds to Figure 5c. Ligaments draw outer metatarsals towards each other (white arrows), as elastic strain energy stored in the ligaments is returned.Published as part of Snively, Eric & Anthony P. Russell, 2003, Kinematic Model of Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Arctometatarsus Function, pp. 215-227 in Journal of Morphology 255 on page 223, DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10059, http://zenodo.org/record/373632