The role of research for improving cotton productivity in a changing climate

Changes in climate factors such as warmer air temperatures and extreme fluctuations in precipitation because of rising CO2 concentration may significantly impact cotton plant growth and productivity. There will be both positive and negative effects, where increased CO2concentrations may increase yield in well-watered crops, and higher temperatures will extend the length of the growing season. However, warmer temperatures also accelerate the rate of crop development and could potentially shorten the time to maturity, which may impact crop management decisions. Higher temperatures also have the potential to cause significant fruit loss, reduce water use efficiencies, lower yields, and alter fibre quality. This paper summarises some of the research needed (from only a crop physiology and genetic improvement perspective) that will be needed to address cotton production in this changing climate. It emphasises the need for research into understanding the integrated effects of climate change (temperature, humidity, CO2 and water stress together) on cotton growth, yield, and quality; and thus, requires further investment. This includes the development of cultivars tolerant to abiotic stress especially for more frequent hot, water-challenged (deficit and waterlogged conditions), and better understanding of whole system management strategies for maximising production and efficiencies