Subspecies and Distribution. M. p. pennanti Exxleben, 1777 — E Canada and NE USA. M. p. columbiana Goldman, 1935 — W Canada and and USA (Rocky Mts). M. p. pacifica Rhoads, 1898 — W Canada (coastal British Columbia) and W USA. in Mustelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M. p. pennanti Exxleben, 1777 — E Canada and NE USA. M. p. columbiana Goldman, 1935 — W Canada and and USA (Rocky Mts). M. p. pacifica Rhoads, 1898 — W Canada (coastal British Columbia) and W USA.Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2009, Mustelidae, pp. 564-656 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 631, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571404