HPV virus as the main cause of cervical cancer, vaccination - literature review

PALUCH, Michał, TOMKIEWICZ, Michał, OLKO, Paweł, RADULSKI, Jakub, SAŁATA, Piotr, ŻUCHNIK, Magda, SZCZURASZEK, Hugo, SZCZURASZEK , Paulina, RYBKOWSKA, Agnieszka & TOMKIEWICZ , Julia. HPV virus as the main cause of cervical cancer, vaccination - literature review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(3):292-301. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.03.038 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41993 https://zenodo.org/record/7633608 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 18.01.2023. Revised: 20.01.2023. Accepted: 12.02.2023. HPV virus as the main cause of cervical cancer, vaccination - literature review Wirus HPV jako główna przyczyna raka szyjki macicy, szczepienia - przegląd literatury Michał Paluch 1, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-9628, michal.paluchx@gmail.com. Michał Tomkiewicz 6, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0656-2392, michal0114@gmail.com. Paweł Olko 2, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-7286, pawel11.olko@gmail.com. Jakub Radulski 4, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-9480, radulski.jakub@gmail.com. Piotr Sałata 5, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-3852, piotrsalata92@gmail.com. Magda Żuchnik 2, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-5388, magdaaa120@gmail.com Hugo Szczuraszek 3, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-730X, hugo.szczuraszek@gmail.com Paulina Szczuraszek 5, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-9798, paulina.szczuraszek@gmail.com. Agnieszka Rybkowska 2, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0054-318X, agnieszka.r96@wp.pl Julia Tomkiewicz 6, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1443-1229, julia21rr@gmail.com. 1.Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki Nr 2 im. Św. Jadwigi Królowej w Rzeszowie. 2.Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie. 3. Zespół Zakładów Opieki Zdrowotnej w Ostrowie Wielkopolskim. 4. Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 1 w Lublinie. 5. Wojewódzki Szpital Zespolony im. Ludwika Perzyny w Kaliszu. 6. Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki nr 1 im. Fryderyka Chopina w Rzeszowie. ABSTRACT HPV infection is one of the most common viral infection of the female and male reproductive tract worldwide. Most of the human papillomavirus infections cause no symptoms and go away on their own. Some infections develop into persistent infection, which can lead to the development of cancer of the cervix, anogenital, oral cavity and pharynx.In this paper, we focused on cervical cancer, which is the second most common cancer in the world among women. More than 300,000 women died from this cancer in 2020. The invention and introduction of prophylactic HPV vaccines has played a significant role in reducing the number of viral infections, thus reducing the incidence of benign and malignant diseases caused by them and the mortality resulting from them. There are three vaccines on the pharmaceutical marketfor prevention of specific HPV infection. They are: a bivalent vaccine Cervarix, a tetravalent vaccine Gardasil and a nonavalent vaccine Gardasil 9. These vaccines are safe because they do not contain an attenuated virus particle, but their production is based on a virus-like particle of the main capsid protein L1-VLP. Gardasil 9 targets nine HPV types andcomparing to the other two vaccines it is the most effective at preventing the development of preinvasive cervical cancer. WHO recommends administering them to girls aged 9 to 14 in a two-dose schedule or from 15 years of age in a three-dose schedule. The side effects of the above-mentioned vaccines were mostly associated with a cutaneous reactions around the site of injection (pain, redness, swelling), and some people also experienced systemic symptoms such as a headache, a fever, vomiting, a dizziness, muscle pain and a diarrhea. The following article is an analysis of the current knowledge on the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines based on publications available in the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. Key words: HPV; HPV vaccine;cervical cancer; high-risk HPV; human papillomavirus