ПСИХОСОМАТИЧНІ РОЗЛАДИ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ПРОБЛЕМИ

The article presents the results of theoretical analysis of the psychosomatic disorders problem. The authors pointed that the problem of somatic disease psychology has been always seen in two aspects: firstly, in terms of psychological factors impact to the person’s somatic sphere and secondly, in terms of somatic factors impact to the patient’s psychics. In this regard two opposing directions took shape clearly in present medical and psychological studies. One of them includes analysis of the nature of pathogenic impact of disease to the individual, changes in the course of mental processes and the operational and technical capacity of a patients in terms of certain chronic somatic disease. Basing on the analysis of scientific literature and existing studies it was found that there are over three hundred of different concepts of psychosomatic relationships in modern psychosomatic medicine today. In particular they are the theory of conversion disorder (S. Freud), theory of morbogenic relationship of mother and child (H. Ammon) neurohumoral theory (H. Selye), cortical-visceral theory, functional systems theory (P. Anokhin). All these theories are essentially separate fragments, which approach to real full explanation of complex psychosomatic relationships only in conjunction. Each of them reveals only one aspect of a problem, thus considering just a single case of psychosomatic disorders appearance. The so-called complex theories appear as a result. They emphasize the complexity of psychosomatic disorders pathogenesis, taking into account both psychological and somatic factors of disease progress. Synergetics is a new methodological mean for the study of psychosomatic disorders. It is an interdisciplinary science which deals with the development and self-organization. The system and dynamic conception of P. Sydorov and I. Novikov is a multidisciplinary and integral approach to the psychosomatic diseases progress through the stages of psychogenesis, sociogenesis and pathogenesis. Progressive number of psychosomatic disease cases, low efficiency of traditional treatment, poor quality of life and the need to implement highly efficient methods of etiopathogenetical psychotherapy of psychosomatic disorders require further study of primarily the issues related to mechanisms of psychosomatic disorders appearance, research methods and providing effective medical, psychological and social hel