Determination of Net photosynthetic rate (A), Stomatal conductance (Gs), Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and Transpiration rate

Photosynthesis plays a central role as an energy source for plant metabolism, and its efficiency may be drastically reduced due to abiotic stresses. During acclimation to adverse environments, plants try to maintain the photosynthetic efficiency at as high a level as possible, avoiding the energy imbalance and the photo-oxidative damage. When plants are exposed to environmental stresses the availability of CO2 within the leaf (Ci) is restricted and/or the synthesis of ATP is impaired. Moreover, under abiotic stress conditions stomatal closure is caused, slowing CO2 assimilation and consequently reducing the photosynthetic rate. The uptake and release of CO2 in photosynthesis and the respiration and release of H2O during transpiration of plants or leaves is measured using gas-exchange systems.The information presented here has been thoroughly researched and is believed to be accurate and correct. However, the authors cannot be held legally responsible for any errors. There are no warranties, expressed or implied, made with respect to the information provided. The authors will not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the content of this publication