Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a promising method of treatment in depression and various neuropsychiatric conditions

KOWALCZYK, Ilona, ZIELONKA, Bartłomiej, STAWIKOWSKI, Cezary, KRAWIEC, Paulina, MADEJ, Karolina, WOLANIN, Marta, WOLANIN, Izabela, STACHYRA, Bartłomiej, OSIŃSKA, Aleksandra and DENGLER, Barbara. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a promising method of treatment in depression and various neuropsychiatric conditions. A literature review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;39(1):118-134. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.39.01.010 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/44961 https://zenodo.org/record/8213493 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of 17.07.2023 No. 32318. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 17.07.2023 Lp. 32318. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 07.07.2023. Revised:30.07.2023. Accepted: 31.07.2023. Published: 08.08.2023. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a promising method of treatment in depression and various neuropsychiatric conditions. A literature review Przezczaszkowa stymulacja magnetyczna jako obiecująca metoda leczenia depresji i wielu schorzeń neuropsychiatrycznych. Przegląd literatury Ilona Kowalczyk1, Bartłomiej Zielonka2, Cezary Stawikowski3, Paulina Krawiec4, Karolina Madej5, Marta Wolanin6, Izabela Wolanin7, Bartłomiej Stachyra8, Aleksandra Osińska9, Barbara Dengler10 1Ilona Kowalczyk Independent Public Clinical Hospital prof. W. Orlowski CMKP in Warsaw https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-3068 ilonaxkowalczyk@gmail.com 2Bartłomiej Zielonka 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-1342 bvrtlomiej.zi@gmail.com 3Cezary Stawikowski 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-8617 cezary.stawikowski@gmail.com 4Paulina Krawiec 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-5837 paulina.krawiec96@gmail.com 5Karolina Madej 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4571-6650 karolinamadej01@gmail.com 6Marta Wolanin 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3988-346X marta.wolanin03@gmail.com 7Izabela Wolanin 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3290-5635 izabela-wolanin@wp.pl 8Bartłomiej Stachyra 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2119-416X bartlomiej.stachyra@gmail.com 9Aleksandra Osińska 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0351-9724 aleksandraosinska23@gmail.com 10Barbara Dengler 1 Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8220-8264 barbaradengler@poczta.fm ABSTRACT Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method of non-invasive and painless brain stimulation with an electromagnetic field, which induces changes in the electric field in the brain leading to the cortical activity modulation and stimulation of neurons. Currently, transcranial magnetic stimulation is increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative diseases, and more. TMS can be used as a method of enhancing the effect of pharmacotherapy as well as a regular treatment. Aim of the study: The study's aim is to summarize the current state of knowledge on transcranial magnetic stimulation as a method of treatment in depression and various neuropsychiatric conditions. Material and methods: The study is based on the literature available in scientific databases such as PubMed, using the following keywords: „transcranial magnetic stimulation”, „tms”, “depression” and “treatment-resistant depression”. Results and conclusions: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive, painless and generally safe method of diagnosis and treatment of many neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, neurodegenerative diseases, tinnitus, addiction to psychoactive substances and many more. TMS is a well-documented, approved, and recommended treatment primarily for treatment-resistant depression due to its effectiveness, mild side effect profile and good tolerability. Recently there are more and more reports on the effectiveness of TMS in the diagnosis and treatment of other neuropsychiatric conditions, but further research and setting guidelines are needed, so is increasing the availability of the method for patients. Keywords: transcranial magnetic stimulation, tms, depression, treatment-resistant depressio