PRESENTATION SLIDES: DOCUMENTED HUMAN OSTEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS AS BIOBANKS: RELEVANCE FOR RARE DISEASES IDENTIFICATION IN THE PAST

Slides Presentation: 23rd Paleopathology Association European Meeting, Vilnius, Lituânia, 25-29 Agosto. Paleopathology Association European (Vilnius, Lituânia) Disease identification in paleopathology relies on the exercise of differential diagnosis, and interpretation. Only a few diseases leave macroscopic pathognomonic traits in bone, and even in cases where microscopic, biochemical and biomolecular analyses are used, diagnosis is invariably inconclusive. Additionally, bone response to a variety of etiologies tends to be homogenous, with mosaic pattern(s) of bone formation and destruction. Therefore, access to pathological cases from human remains of Documented Human Osteological Collections (DHOC) is an exceptional approach. The access to biographical data of the individuals incorporated into the DHOC includes the cause of death, ancestry, sex, age, clinical data and other information akin to clinical data allowing for the possibility of hypothesis-driven research in which bones changes correlate with causes of death - hence providing tested and informed differential diagnosis. In this sense, DHOC may be viewed as a biobank equivalent, i.e. biorepository that stores biological samples for research in the identification of bone changes related to diseases associated with clinical and personal data. This paper will explore known cases of diseases’ diagnoses, such as lepra, neoplasias, tuberculosis, syphilis, and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis that have used DHOC as diagnostic testing grounds, to explore bone changes and methodological advancements. The paper also introduces the idea of DHOC as biobanks dedicated to the study of rare diseases, as rarely reposted diseases, in paleopathology. Keywords: Health, biorepository, biobanks, DHOC, differential diagnosisFunding: Francisca Alves Cardoso is supported by FCT within the scope of CRIA - Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (UIDB/04038/2020) Strategic Development Plan. FAC research is associated with the research projects Bone Matters / Matérias Ósseas (IF/00127/2014/CP1233/CT0003/ funded by FCT/Portugal), and Life After Death: Rethinking Human Remains and Human Osteological Collections as Cultural Heritage and Biobanks (2020.01014.CEECIND / funded by FCT/Portugal). Brígida Riso is supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 under grant agreement no 952377, project ERA Chair iSTARS