The Legal Status of Libertini in Roman Law

ABSTRACT: Towards the end of the Ancient Era, the legal institution of manumission represented a more advanced form of exploitation of former servi. Manumission was not created in favor of the former servi, proof that they were considered free people only in relation to third parties and that they did not acquire all civil and political rights, but in favor of the former masters, who had turned into patrons and who continued to exercise their influence on them through patronage relations. KEYWORDS: libertini, libertus, vindicta, censu, testamento, limitation laws of manumission