SURVEY FOR MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF RENAL DISEASE IN AL-MADINAH AL- MONAWARAH REGION, SAUDI ARABIA

Background: A number of modifiable risk factors are associated with increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease with disease progression in many patients. The key factor for reducing the burden of the disease is the development of Chronic Kidney Disease prevention and control strategies. Objectives: to identify the modifiable risk factors of renal disease in Al-Madinah Al- Monawarah region in Saudi Arabia in order to provide valuable opportunities for effective interventions and reducing the risk of death, end-stage renal disease, or complications of renal dysfunction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a convenience sample of 2500 persons from different places in Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah region in Saudi Arabia using a questionnaire included questions on socio-demographic, behavioral factors, medical and health history as family history of CKD, hypertension, diabetes, previous renal stone and recurrent urinary tract infection. Results: Self-reported renal risk factors were identified from each participant. The age of the participants ranged from 15 to above 40 years with more female participants than male. Of the 2500 respondents, 15.1% of them were smokers, 15.3% had difficulty in urination, 76.6% delay going to the bathroom. 15.3% had complained of infections or stones in the urinary tract, 78.2% consume moderate to high amount of salt in their food, 78.8% of them consume high amount of fat. 72.9% of them consume fast food daily to weakly and 28.2% of them consume 2 cups and less of water per days and there is a significant association between gender, age and most of renal modifiable risk factors. Conclusion: A relatively high frequency of modifiable risk factors of renal disease was reported. Attention needs to be paid to the risk factors for chronic kidney disease especially modifiable one. At-risk populations or individuals must be screened and treated early to prevent onset and delay progression if the disease has took place. Key words: Survey, renal disease, modifiable, risk factors, Saudi Arabia