Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain analysis in cattle from Great Britain

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) is the aetiological agent of tick-borne fever in cattle and sheep, and granulocytic anaplasmosis in human and dogs. Livestock, companion animals and human infection with A. phagocytophilum have been reported globally. Across England and Wales, two strains (called ecotypes) have been reported in ticks. This study examined A. phagocytophilum strains present in livestock and wildlife in Great Britain (GB), with a particular focus on cattle. Clinical submissions (EDTA blood) from cattle (n=21) and sheep (n=3) were received by APHA for tick-borne disease testing and confirmed to be infected with A. phagocytophilum using a PCR targeting the msp2 gene. Further submissions from roe deer (n=2), red deer (n=2) and Ixodes ricinus ticks (n=22) were also shown to be infected with A. phagocytophilum. Subsequent analysis using a nested PCR targeting the groEL gene and sequencing, confirmed the presence of ecotype I in cattle, sheep, red deer and Ixodes ricinus, and ecotype II in roe deer and I. ricinus removed from deer carcasses. Despite the presence of two ecotypes, widely distributed in ticks from England and Wales, only ecotype I was detected in cattle in this study