GreenCharge Project Deliverable: D5.5 & D6.4 Final Result for Innovation Effects Evaluation / Stakeholder Acceptance Evaluation and Recommendations

This combined report for deliverable D5.5 and D6.4 presents the final evaluation results from the GreenCharge project. It describes the approach and results from the evaluations of seven GreenCharge demonstrators and simulation scenarios. Each demonstrator implements a set of new measures from a set of measure groups: EV fleet: Shared electric vehicles (EVs), Shared EVs integrated with public transport, and Shared EVs in new housing cooperatives. Charging: Private charge points (CPs), public CPs, shared CPs, roaming, advance booking, battery swapping & charging, flexible charging, priority charging, and priority access to CP. Smart energy management: Local RES, Local storage, and Optimal and coordinated use of energy. Business aspects: Rewarding eco driving, payment for sharing EVs, penalizing priority in Energy Smart Neighbourhood (ESN), rewarding flexibility in ESN, payment for shared CPs, penalizing blocking of CP, rewarding prosumers, and rewarding desired consumption pattern. The evaluation approach builds on the CIVITAS evaluation framework and includes: Impact evaluations addressing the impact of the measures implemented. An indicator framework defines the indicators to be used to represent the situations before and after the new measures. The indicators are established by means of research data collected in the demonstrators and through simulations. Process evaluations addressing the measure implementation processes: Input from stakeholders is collected and barriers, drivers, lessons learned, risks, and recommendations are identified to support learning and to identify issues that should be considered by the impact evaluation. In addition to the above, a hybrid approach with simulations is applied to support the impact evaluation. The simulations address demonstrator extensions with respect to size, diversity, and dimensioning of the included measures. The simulations are configured by research data from the demonstrators. The impact evaluation results show that the acceptance and the awareness of the services varies between the demonstrators. An EV sharing service in Bremen has struggle with the acceptance of both e-mobility and car sharing. A B2B eScooter sharing service in Barcelona has, on the other hand, been very popular due to the COVID situation, since the scooters were used in food deliveries. The e-mobility acceptance has also been high in a housing cooperative in Norway where charging has been integrated with smart energy management. More than 80 charge points are established by the project, and more than 5500 charging session are carried out. For charging at work and at private charge points, the EVs are connected for longer periods than is required for charging. Thus, the inherent flexibility is high and arrange for smart energy management. This, and the use of PV panels in combination with stationary batteries and optimisation of the energy use arrange for increased self-consumption of the energy produced by the PV panels, charging with a higher share of green energy, reduction of peaks powers, and cost reductions. The combination of e-mobility and smart energy management also contributes to a reduction of CO2 emissions. Depending on the CO2-intensity of the electricity in the public grid, the CO2-savings in the demonstrators varies from 9 to more than 100 g CO2eq/kWh. The process evaluation results highlight the importance of stakeholder involvement and business models. Extensive challenges regarding the integration of the systems (new and existing) in the ESNs are also addressed. Due to the lack of standards and standardised interfaces, the establishment of an ESN and the integration of charging into an ESN is today a very demanding task. There is for example no standards for the integration of charging with local energy management, and there are no open interfaces for access to the current state of charge (SoC) from the EV batteries