Electric Vehicles Routing Including Smart-Charging Method and Energy Constraints

This paper presents an optimization-based approach for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem considering Smart-Charging methods. The objective, based on the application of the model, is to obtain the shortest route for each of the electric vehicles that have to deliver freight to a set of customers minimizing the charging/discharging cost. Based on the Smart-Charging method, in which vehicles can charge/discharge energy from/to the grid, the power grid limits, and balancing needs are considered. In this way, both the charging points and the energy districts are prevented from exceeding the maximum allowed energy peak. A real case study in the Apulia Italian region (Italy) shows the effectiveness of the proposed optimization model