THE ROLE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN HEART FAILURE

Heart failure (HF) is a serious medical condition characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates, poor functional capacity, and reduced quality of life. It affects more than 64 million people globally and has become a significant public health concern due to its high economic and social burden. To address this challenge, echocardiography has emerged as a critical diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the evaluation and management of HF patients. Echocardiography offers numerous advantages over other imaging modalities, including its non-invasive nature, ease of availability, and safety. It allows clinicians to obtain a comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function, including ventricular size, shape, and function. Echocardiography also plays a crucial role in risk stratification and the initial phenotype assessment of HF patients, providing essential data for guiding therapeutic decision-making and monitoring treatment efficacy. Advances in echocardiography have expanded its applications in HF patient care, enabling more accurate assessment of systolic and diastolic function. This includes the use of novel echocardiographic techniques such as strain imaging, speckle tracking, and 3D echocardiography, which allow clinicians to evaluate ventricular deformation, regional wall motion abnormalities, and global cardiac function. Moreover, RV evaluation is increasingly being recognized as a critical component of echocardiographic assessment in HF patients. RV dysfunction is prevalent in HF patients, and its assessment can provide important prognostic information and guide management decisions. Echocardiography provides a safe and practical means of assessing RV function, including RV size, shape, and systolic function. In summary, echocardiography is an indispensable tool in the evaluation and management of HF patients. It allows for a comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision-making. With advances in echocardiographic techniques, clinicians can obtain vital data on systolic and diastolic function, including RV evaluation, improving patient outcomes and reducing the economic and social burden of HF. Keywords: Systolic dysfunction, Diastolic dysfunction, Ejection fraction, Heart failure, Echocardiography