Oral hygiene as a cardiovascular risk factor - review of the literature

CHIŻYŃSKI, Adam, ŁĘGOCKA, Weronika & ANDRYSZCZAK, Paweł. Oral hygiene as a cardiovascular risk factor - review of the literature. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;18(1):16-22. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.18.01.002 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43040 https://zenodo.org/record/7793351 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 11.03.2023. Revised: 14.03.2023. Accepted: 02.04.2023. Published: 02.04.2023. Oral hygiene as a cardiovascular risk factor - review of the literature Adam Chiżyński Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-4378 Weronika Łęgocka Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2730-6649 Paweł Andryszczak Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3675-7922 Abstract Introduction and Objective. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Poland and around the world. An important aspect of managing patients with cardiovascular diseases is their proper diagnosis and treatment. An important element is also the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Prevention of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases mentioned above consists of the elimination of so-called cardiovascular risk factors. A relatively unknown risk factor for cardiovascular disease is the lack of oral hygiene. The authors of the work analyze what elements are related to the lack of oral hygiene affect the cardiovascular risk and try to present the mechanisms of the oral cavity condition that may affect the cardiovascular system. Review Methods. A review of the recent literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar databases. Brief description of the state of knowledge. The oral cavity is a site colonised by many species of microorganisms.Bacteria from periodontal pockets can travel to other systems as well as enter the bloodstream, and that way to distant organs. A normal endocardial endothelium provides a barrier for bacteria and prevents colonisation and the development of inflammation. However, in cases where it is damaged, it can provide a gateway for microorganisms to infect the valve, which may lead to the development of infective endocarditis. Summary. In case of periodontitis in patient with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction or stroke, active dental or periodontal treatment should be undertaken. Bacteria from periodontal pockets can travel to other systems causing pathological changes in them. Key words: Oral hygiene, periodontitis, infective endocarditi