Effect of high-fat diets on functional and biochemical parameters of the large intestine of rats

Bocharov A. V. Effect of high-fat diets on functional and biochemical parameters of the large intestine of rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(2):810-822 eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2593778 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6700 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.02.2017. Revised 24.02.2017. Accepted: 27.02.2017. UDC 616.153:616.633:612.31:388.152 EFFECT OF HIGH-FAT DIETS ON FUNCTIONAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE OF RATS A. V. Bocharov Bukovina State Medical University (Chernovtsy, Ukraine) Abstract Aim: To determine the effect of high fat diet on the state of the colon. Materials and Methods: Edible fats with different fatty acid composition were used: usual (high linoleic) sunflower oil, high-oleic sunflower oil “Olivka”, high-palmitic oils: butter and palm oil, high- lauric coconut oil. These fats in the amount of 15% were added to the standard feed (5% fat). Rats were fed for 60 days. Every week, an indicator of the frequency of drfecations was determined. After euthanasia of animals, elastase, urease, lysozyme, catalase activity and MDA content were determined in the mucous membrane of the colon. The antioxidant- prooxidant index API was calculated by the ratio of catalase activity and MDA content, and the degree of dysbiosis according to A. P. Levitsky was calculated by the ratio of relative activities of urease and lysozyme. Results: Sunflower oil increases the number of defecations, butter, palm oil and, especially, coconut oil reduced the number of defecations, “Olivka” is not affected. In the mucous membrane of the colon, butter and palm oil increase the activity of elastase, urease, the degree of dysbiosis, the content of MDA and reduce the activity of lysozyme and the API index. The API also reduces by the usual sunflower oil and coconut oil. Conclusion: High- palmitic fats (butter and palm oil), cause the development of colitis, fats with a high content of saturated fatty acids (butter, palm and coconut oils) cause the development of dysbiosis in the colon mucosa by reducing lysozyme activity. High- oleic sunflower oil does not cause the development of colitis and dysbiosis. Keywords: colitis, fat diet, dysbiosis, antioxidant system, lysozyme