Comparative cytotoxic analysis of extracts obtained from leaves and roots of sweet flag (Acorus Calamus L.) on rat bone marrow cells in vitro

The aim of this study was to identify cytotoxic activity and to compare severity of cytotoxic activity of de-alcoholized alcohol-water extracts obtained from the leaves and roots of Sweet Flag (Acorus Calamus L.) on rat bone marrow cells in vitro. Rat bone marrow cells were isolated from the femoral diaphysis of the animals under cold temperatures. To obtain various concentrations of extract from the leaves (LEA) and roots REA, the initial extracts (concentration 1.0 g/mL) were immunologically titrated by rolling method. A quantitative assessment of cytotoxicity was made by testing plasma membrane damage in the Trypan Blue dye exclusion test. It was found that the cytotoxicity of a substance obtained from the roots of Sweet Flag (REA) depends on the dose and time of contact with rat bone marrow. REA has a cytotoxic effect at concentrations of 0.03-1.65 g/mL. When in contact with rat bone marrow cells for 15 minutes it causes an increase in the number of dead cells by 0.48–1.56×106 per milliliter (p<0.05). For REA in all studied concentrations, an increase in the effect of cytotoxicity is shown as the time of contact of cells with the active substance increases from 15 to 90 minutes (p