Role Of Clinical Pharmacist In The Assessment Of Risk Factors For Tuberculosis Incidence And Management- A Prospective Interventional Case Control Study

Back ground of the study: Tuberculosis, better known as TB, is a lung disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person Initial empiric treatment of TB starts patient on a 4-drug regimen; Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol or streptomycin after 2 months of therapy Pyrazinamide can be stopped then Isoniazid + rifampin can be continued as daily or intermittent therapy for 4 more months. Objectives: To evaluate the role of clinical pharmacist in the management of Tuberculosis including improvement in Medication Adherence and improvement in Quality of life. Identify the risk factors such as Smoking, Alcohol, BMI, HIV, Diabetes Mellitus, Age, Gender, and Residence for the prevalence of Tuberculosis. Study design: A Prospective Interventional Case control study was conducted from December 2017-May 2018 at a 350- bedded Tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Methodology: The study includes 200 tuberculosis diagnosed patients. In which 100 were included in case group and remaining were included in a control group to which only Anti-Tubercular therapy was given without performing any patient counselling and patient education. In Case group patient counselling and patient education was provided along with Anti-Tubercular therapy. Results: A total 200 tuberculosis diagnosed patients were included in the study. out of 200 patients Age group: 48 patients in the age group between 66 – 75 years with (24.0%) .Gender -125 patients with (62.5%) were found to be male and 75 patients with (37.5%) were found to be female. Smoking -123 patients with (61.5%) were found to be due to smoking and 77 patients with (38.5%) were non-smokers. Diabetic- 95 patients with (47.5%) were diabetic patients and remaining 105 with (52.5%) patients were non-diabetics. HIV- 69 patients with [34.5%] were found to be suffering from Tuberculosis due to HIV infection and 131 patients with (65.5%) were found to be HIV-ve patients. Alcoholic- 109 patients with [54.5%] were found to be suffering from Tuberculosis due to excessive alcohol intake and 91 patients with (45.5%) were non-alcoholics. Residence- 139 patients with (69.5%) were found to be suffering from Tuberculosis are rural people and 61 patients were urban residents. BMI- 101 patients were found to be suffering with Tuberculosis due to malnutrition with BMI < 18.5. knowledge about disease, patient mediation adherence, quality of life was improved. Conclusion: clinical pharmacist plays an important role in evaluating the risk factors for tuberculosis, patients in case group have shown improvement in knowledge about disease, patient mediation adherence, and quality of life by providing effective patient counselling