Many Mobile, Few Successful: Ethnicised Return in a Changing Romanian Context

This article contributes to the growing debate on reintegration and the positioning of returnees in their home societies. Increasingly, studies focus on returnees’ agency in reintegration processes, their practices of mobility in return and their use of social capital and financial and social remittances acquired abroad. Much less analysed is how ethnicity influences such processes of return and experiences of reintegration. In this paper we examine how returnees belonging to different ethnic groups – Germans, Romanians and Roma – reintegrate in a Romanian multi-ethnic context with marked ethnic inequality and lasting segregation. Fieldwork was carried out in a town that has undergone massive changes in the past 30 years due to the combined effects of foreign direct investment and international migration. Economically, the town changed from a poor and decaying context, to one that was poor but developing and finally to one experiencing strong development. Using a modes-of-integration perspective and analysing returnees’ reintegration and mobilities, we show how return evolved as an ethnicised process in different contexts of reception.This publication is based on the research funded by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, UEFISCDI through the project ReturnITA, "Transnational Returnees in Agriculture and IT" PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-0338. This project [i.e. the special issue of Central and Eastern European Migration Review] has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 857366]